Sustainable goals in combating human trafficking: Analysis by mathematics of uncertainty

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Mathematics, Creighton University Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA

2 Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India

Abstract

We use mathematics of uncertainty to analyze the relationship between the sustainable development goals and human trafficking. This comes about naturally due to the use of multiplication in the determination of metrics in scoring categories by the Stakeholder Forum. We develop 

Keywords


[1] S. Guiasu, Reaching a verdict by weighing evidence, In Advances in Fuzzy Theory and Technology, ed,
P. Wang, Durham Bookswright Press, Durham, North Carolina, 2 (1997), 167–180.
[2] G.J. Klir, B. Yuan, Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications, Prentice Hall P T R Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, (1995).
[3] D.S. Malik, S. Mathew, J.N. Mordeson, Fuzzy incidence graphs: Applications to human trafficking,
Information Sciences, 447 (2018), 244–259.
[4] J.N. Mordeson, S. Mathew, D.S. Malik, Fuzzy graph theory with applications to human trafficking,
Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Springer, 365 (2018).
[5] J.N. Mordeson, S. Mathew, Human trafficking: Source, transit, destination designations, New Mathematics and Natural Computation, 13(3) (2017), 209–218.
[6] J.N. Mordeson, S. Mathew, Advanced topics in fuzzy graph theory, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, 375 (2019).
[7] J.N. Mordeson, A. Schwab McCoy, S. Mathew, New directions in fuzzy mathematics, Advances in Fuzzy
Sets and Systems, 23 (2018), 117–127.
[8] J.N. Mordeson, H.C. Wething, T.C. Clark, A fuzzy mathematical model of nuclear stability, New Mathematics and Natural Computation, 6 (2010), 119–140.
[9] D. Osborn, A. Cutter, F. Ullah, Universal Sustainable Development Goals, Understanding the Transformational Challenge for Developed Countries, Report of a Study by Stakeholder Forum, Stakeholder
Forum, May 2015, 1–25, (2015).
[10] J. Sachs, G. Schmidt Traub, C. Kroll, G. Lafortune, G. Fuller, Sustainable Development Report 2019.
New York: Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustain Development Solutions Network (SDSN), (2019).
[11] T.L. Saaty, L.G. Vargas, Models, methods, concepts, and applications of the analytic hierarchy process,
International Series in Operations Research ana Management Science Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Boston, (2010).
[12] T.L. Saaty, Relative measurement and its generalization in decision making: Why pairwise comparisons
are central in mathematics for the measurement of intangible factors: The analytic hierarchy process,
RACSAM Review of the Royal Spanish Academy of Sciences, Series A, Mathematics, 103(2) (2008),
252–319.
[13] J. Yen, Generalizing the Dempster Shafer theory to fuzzy sets, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man,
and Cybernetics, 20(3) (1990), 559–570.
[14] J. Yen, Generalizing the Dempster Shafer theory to fuzzy sets, In Fuzzy Measure Theory by Z. Wang
and G.J. Klir, Ch. 7, 257-283 Plenum Press, New York, (1992).
[15] L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Information and Control, 8 (1965), 338–353.
[16] Global Slavery Index 2016 http://www.globalslaveryondex.org/findings/, (2017).
[17] ICAT The Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons, The Role of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) in Combating Trafficking in Persons, (2018).
[18] Report of Peter Sutherland, Special Envoy on Migration to the General Assembly, 13 February 2017,
https://goo.gl/yuzs65, (2017).
[19] Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, Real-world impact, CRC Press, Clarivate Analytics, (2019).
[20] Routes to the U.S.: Mapping Human Smuggling Networks, http://insight-crime.org/newsanalysis/routes-to-us-mapping, (2011).
[21] SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2017: Global Responsibilities International, Spillovers in Achieving the Goals,Sustainable development Solutions Network, A Global Initiative for the United Nations,
Bertelsmann Stiftung, May (2017), 1–479.
[22] Trafficking in Persons: Global Patterns, Appendices-United Nations Office on Drug and Crime, Citation
Index (2006).
[23] www.independent.co.uk Independent, 6 charts and a map that shows where Europe’s refugees are
coming from and the perilous journey they are taking, (2015).